When reading “A Framework for Ethical Decision Making,” I immediately connected it to the Hot Topic article in this module about using genetically modified pig kidneys for human transplants. People may wonder whether it is morally acceptable to use animal organs for human survival, what risks patients might face, and whether society is ready to adopt this kind of procedure. Because of these uncertainties, applying ethical decision-making frameworks becomes essential. They give medical teams and biotech companies a structured way to evaluate their choices, ensuring that they proceed responsibly and with respect for both patients and broader societal values.

These two readings align because they both highlight the role of ethical frameworks in guiding decisions when moral dilemmas arise. In particular, the utilitarian and rights-based approaches seem especially relevant to the pig kidney transplant scenario. The rights lens, as defined in the article, focuses on protecting and respecting the moral rights of all individuals affected by a decision. This would apply to ensuring that patients fully understand the risks, give informed consent, and are treated with dignity throughout the process. Meanwhile, the utilitarian lens emphasizes the consequences of actions, aiming to maximize overall well-being. In the context of organ transplants, this means weighing the potential to save thousands of lives against the possible risks or objections to using animal organs.

Together, these two frameworks provide a balanced way to analyze the situation. The rights lens ensures that individual patients are protected, while the utilitarian lens helps society consider the broader benefits of advancing this technology. By applying both perspectives, medical teams can make decisions that are not only scientifically sound but also ethically responsible.

University, Santa Clara. “A Framework for Ethical Decision Making.” Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, 2021, www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/a-framework-for-ethical-decision-making/.

Kounang, Nadia. “Pig Kidney Transplants Take a Step Forward with Approval of Human Trials.” CNN, Cable News Network, 8 Sept. 2025, www.cnn.com/2025/09/08/health/pig-kidney-transplant-human-trial-fda.